| <LUXEMBOURG | MADAGASCAR> |
Key developments since May 2001: As of June 2002, FYROM had not started destruction of its stockpile of 42,871 antipersonnel mines, but had a plan in place to complete destruction before the 1 March 2003 deadline. FYROM decided to retain 4,000 mines for training instead of 50. The MACC in Kosovo and the ICRC conducted mine assessment missions to FYROM in 2001. In September 2001, the UNMAS opened a Mine Action Office in Skopje. Two Bosnia and Herzegovina NGOs cleared 1.7 million square meters of land in the FYROM in the last three months of 2001. The ICRC developed a mine/UXO awareness program in collaboration with the Macedonian Red Cross. Rebel NLA forces have stated that they have used and will continue to use mines, though there are no confirmed instances of new use in this reporting period. Data compiled from media reports indicates at least 28 deaths and 20 injuries from mines and UXO in 2001.
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) acceded to the Mine Ban Treaty on 9 September 1998, becoming a State Party on 1 March 1999. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs told Landmine Monitor in June 2002 that no specific administrative or legislative measures have been introduced to implement the Mine Ban Treaty. There are, however, a number of laws “which prohibit citizens of Macedonia from engaging in activities prohibited” by the treaty: Criminal law, Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 37/96; Law for protection of hazardous materials, Official Gazette No. 4/78; and Instructions for storage and handling of ammunition and mine explosive devices.[1]
FYROM did not attend the Third Meeting of States Parties in September 2001 in Managua, Nicaragua, but did participate in the intersessional Standing Committee meetings in January and May 2002.[2] In January 2002, FYROM told States Parties, “The Republic of Macedonia attaches particular importance to the elimination of all types of landmines... The landmines laid down by the terrorist organization NLA, in the northern part of the country, have already caused a number of casualties among the Macedonian civilians and security forces, and even among the members of international organizations present in the field.” [3]
On 29 November 2001, FYROM cosponsored and voted in favor of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 56/24M, in support of the Mine Ban Treaty.
FYROM submitted its second Article 7 transparency report on 25 June 2002, for the period 30 April 2001-30 April 2002. It had submitted its initial Article 7 transparency report to the UN on 25 May 1999, for the period 4 December 1997-31 March 1999. According to the United Nations FYROM did not submit its annual updated reports due 30 April 2000 and 30 April 2001. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs explained that the “situation with the mines in the Republic of Macedonia remained the same for the period from 31.03.1999 to 30.04.2000. We submitted Article 7 report for the period from 30.04.2000 to 30.04.2001 at the beginning of 2002.”[4]
FYROM is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its original Protocol II, but has not ratified Amended Protocol II. In June 2002, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the necessary legislation for ratification has been drafted but “due to the crisis situation in 2001 the process was stopped.” Ratification is now expected by the end of 2002. [5] FYROM did not attend, in December 2001, the Second CCW Review Conference or the Third Annual Conference of States Parties to Amended Protocol II.
Some of the former Yugoslavia’s mine production facilities were apparently located in FYROM, but production had ceased “even before it [FYROM] signed and ratified the Ottawa Treaty,” according to the Foreign Ministry.[6] There is no evidence of any production or export of antipersonnel mines by FYROM.
At the Standing Committee meetings in January 2002, the FYROM delegation announced that “stockpiled mines are in our possession, although in small numbers, are under our complete control, and no transfers have taken place. My country is in the process of preparing a program for the destruction of stockpiled mines, which will soon be completed.”[7]
In 1999, FYROM reported that it had a stockpile of 42,921 antipersonnel mines.[8] In October 2001, at a NATO Partnership for Peace seminar of regional mine action, a member of the Ministry of Defense provided the same figure for complete mines, but clarified that in addition, FYROM had 8,353 PMA-1 fuses and 8,353 PMA-1 detonators.[9]
The Article 7 Report submitted on 25 June 2002 states that FYROM has 42,871 antipersonnel mines in stock.[10] It reports that 50 “antimagnetic from plastic material” mines were destroyed at the “Souvenir” factory on 8 June 2000. These are the mines that FYROM had previously identified as retained for training purposes. FYROM’s initial 1999 Article 7 Report stated that 50 Souvenir antimagnetic plastic mines antipersonnel mines would be retained for permitted training purposes.[11]
However, in its June 2002 response to Landmine Monitor, FYROM stated that it now intends to retain 4,000 mines: 1,400 PMA-1, 600 PMA-2, and 2,000 PMA-2A.[12] FYROM did not, though, report that it intended to retain these 4,000 mines in its June 2002 Article 7 Report; the relevant Form D is left blank.
At the NATO seminar in October 2001, FYROM said the target date for completion of stockpile destruction is 10 February 2003. The Mine Ban Treaty-mandated deadline is 1 March 2003. FYROM said that preparations were being made for destruction of an initial batch of 2,800 mines, described as “APM-2A” (likely PMA-2). But it was also noted that in order for the destruction of antipersonnel mines to proceed, “a legal act adopted by Macedonian parliament is necessary.”[13]
The Foreign Ministry said in June 2002 that no other mines, beyond the 50 in June 2000, had been destroyed. The Ministry said the plan calls for destruction of 22,800 antipersonnel mines by the end of 2002, and an additional 16,071 mines by the end of February 2003, with the remaining 4,000 kept for training.[14]
Use of mines during the conflict that broke out in early 2001 between ethnic Albanian insurgents (NLA) and the FYROM government was reported in last year’s Landmine Monitor. In the latter half of 2001 and start of 2002, no clear-cut instances of the new use of mines have been identified, although casualties from mines have continued to occur.
Under a NATO-brokered peace accord signed in August 2001, the NATO Task Force Harvest collected and destroyed weaponry handed over by insurgents, including 1,045 mines and grenades, and 354 other explosive devices.[15]
In August 2001, the UN Mine Action Coordination Centre (MACC) in Kosovo carried out a two-day assessment of contamination by mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) in FYROM. The assessment team reported that “by far the greatest threat in the area is that posed by UXO. Where mines have been used they are very specific and localized and are generally not present at the same locations as concentrations of UXO.”[16] The UXO contamination resulted largely from bombardment of occupied villages (about 80) by FYROM security forces. This has “limited the ensuing UXO problem to specific areas and confines it to very basic items of ordnance.” As regards the mine threat, the mines available to both sides were the same as those used by the Yugoslav Army and Kosovo Liberation Army in Kosovo: PMA and PMR antipersonnel mines, TMA antitank mines, and (possessed by the NLA only) Albanian and Chinese copies of former Warsaw Pact antitank mines.
Regarding possible government use of mines, MACC said:
Both the FYROM military and police have stated that they have not deployed mines of any type, nor do they intend to do so... [T]he police have little or no tactical requirement to lay mines and it is considered unlikely that they have done so. The military are assessed as having very limited resources of mines, and there is currently no direct evidence to show that they have laid any within FYROM. Should this non-use statement prove false, it is assessed that the most likely scenario for their deployment will be in small groups of protective mines in front of their trench positions. Any such use will be very localized and closely associated with occupied front line military positions.[17]
The MACC team reported that the insurgent NLA forces have stated that they have used and will continue to use mines, “a statement substantiated by a series of recent mine strike accidents”:
Their method of deployment is assessed as being standardized and closely conforms to that used by the KLA during the Kosovo conflict. The NLA currently hold positions to the west and north of Tetovo and to the extreme north and northeast of Skopje. Some of the tracks approaching these positions have had obstacles erected... According to monitors from the [OSCE], and statements by local NLA commanders, several of these obstacles have been reinforced by the deployment of both anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, while it is likely that some anti-tank mines have also been deployed in a command detonation mode to act as the trigger for ambushes. It is estimated that this use is not widespread, but limited to certain areas and confined to road and track approaches to NLA held villages. It is also apparent that on a number of occasions the NLA have stated that they have mined an area, when they have not, in order to deter International agencies from entering, an issue substantiated by the OSCE Border Monitoring Team.[18]
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) also carried out an assessment of the mine/UXO problem in FYROM in mid-2001, concluding, “Due to the reported use of old or low quality ammunition, it is estimated that the ratio of unexploded ordnance is higher than the average on other theatres of conflict.” Antitank mines “present less of a threat to civilians because their locations are known” and there is no evidence of widespread laying of antipersonnel mines. The “threat is confined to people living or about to return to areas where the fighting took place–namely the areas of Tetovo, Kumanovo and surroundings of Skopje.... The threat thus differs significantly from that facing post-conflict communities in other parts of the Balkans where antipersonnel landmines, unexploded ordnance and cluster bombs are the main problem.”[19]
In March 2002, the UN Mine Action Office in Skopje described this mine/UXO problem as “a constraint hampering safe return of IDPs [Internally Displaced Persons] and refugees, as well as delivery of humanitarian assistance.”[20]
Prior to 2002, there was no mine problem in FYROM, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in June 2002.[21] Previous reports of mined areas on the border with Kosovo may be explained by the lack of marking of the border and dispute over its exact location. An agreement with Yugoslavia to mark the border signed in February 2001 was disputed in March 2002 by the newly-elected Kosovo President Rugova, and Prime Minister Rexhepi. A joint committee involving Skopje and Pristina has been set up by UNMIK to deal with border issues.[22]
The FYROM Ministry of the Interior maintains a specialist Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) capability, consisting of four units which the Kosovo MACC described as “suitably trained and equipped to deal with this level of problem. In addition, a recently formed Joint Anti-Terrorist Unit also retains a capability to respond to this type of problem plus an Improvised Explosive Device Disposal (IEDD) capability. The military also maintain a small engineer capacity capable of resolving small mine clearance and/or obstacle tasks.”[23]
In September 2001, the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) opened a Mine Action Office (MAO) in Skopje, to coordinate mine action responses by various agencies and to develop a strategy aimed at rapid implementation of mine action, especially clearance and mine risk education. It reported that in 2001 the national teams initiated mine/UXO emergency clearance. The MAO is equipped with the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) database system. With the aim of completing “the clearance of all minefields and UXO affected areas before winter 2002, it [the MAO] will ensure that national EOD units obtain additional training and equipment, if still necessary...[and] additional commercial EOD teams could also be employed.”[24]
At the Standing Committee meeting in January 2002, the Macedonian delegation reported that “NATO has already provided demining units and experts... The difficult and dangerous task of demining the roads in crisis regions of Macedonia was undertaken jointly by Macedonian security forces and NATO units. In parallel, the International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance from Slovenia has provided six teams for demining in inhabited places.... The successful demining is also one of the preconditions for the complete return of displaced persons.”[25]
The International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance (ITF) started activities in FYROM in 2001, with an assessment that identified the main problem areas in the north (Kumanovo region) and northwest (Tetovo region). The ITF proposed demining and battle area clearance of villages in these regions, by the Bosnia and Herzegovina NGOs BH Demining and STOP Mines, under monitoring of Terra Prom. These operations started on 17 October 2001 and ceased (due to weather conditions) on 16 December 2001. By that date, the teams had cleared 1,739,257 square meters (including 879 houses, 1,394 buildings, and 75,060 square meters or 18.8 kilometers of railway and roads, and the destruction of 153 items of ordnance including four mines). Donors were Slovenia (US$19,685) and the United States.[26]
From September 2001 to March 2002, the Italian NGO INTERSOS carried out mine clearance of houses in support of a housing reconstruction program funded by the European Commission. The survey team included a coordinator, an Italian EOD expert, two Bosnian clearance experts, first aid and local support staff, working in coordination with the MAO in Skopje.[27] However, in late 2001 clearance efforts were hampered by adverse weather and limited clearance/EOD capacity available, with the result that by March 2002 only eight villages had been completely cleared. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) expressed concern “over possible incidents as UXO-Mines have migrated over the winter and farmers prepare their fields for spring planting...[and] the decrease in International Trust Fund mine clearing teams from six teams to three.”[28] UNOCHA reported that “additional clearance capacity is essential to mitigate potential accidents as families resume normal activities... The Government has recently approved deployment of additional clearance teams through Care International and Handicap International that will join ITF to step up clearance efforts as soon as the necessary funding is obtained.”[29]
In February 2002, the MAO reported that several new areas of mine/UXO contamination had been discovered in the border areas close to the villages of Malina Mahla, Tanacevski and Brest. Reportedly, some routes leading to the border with Kosovo had been mined.[30]
In 2002, the ITF planned to deploy three teams for mine/UXO clearance for three months starting in April, and a “train and equip” program for Macedonian personnel. Between 2 April and 26 May the Bosnia and Herzegovina NGOs BH Demining, STOP Mines and PRO-VITA reported clearing 1,304,754 square meters, including 345 houses and 357 other buildings. They found 31 items of ordnance, but no mines.[31]
In March 2002, the first batch of 16 persons attended the EOD training course at Ig, Slovenia. The plan was to train and equip five Macedonian teams to carry out UXO and mine clearance.[32]
Total funding by the ITF for mine action in FYROM in 2001 was $474,592.[33] Canada reported a donation of US$57,461 for mine action in FYROM, which went to the Canadian International Demining Corps (an NGO).[34] Funding of the Intersos survey in 2001-2002 was provided by the European Agency for Reconstruction (€279,376).[35]
The United States reports that in its fiscal year 2001, “the Department of State set aside another $1 million for deposit into the ITF to support an expanded effort in Macedonia. State Department, ITF, and Macedonian government officials jointly are developing a plan to use those funds in landmine/UXO awareness and clearance programs.”[36]
A donors conference for funding of post-conflict reconstruction and other activities, including mine action, took place in Brussels on 12 March 2002. A report indicated the funding allocated to mine clearance as €1.9 million (via the European Agency for Reconstruction), to which Norway will add €130,000.[37]
In 2001-2002, mine risk education was carried out by the ICRC and UNICEF, with the ICRC taking the lead. Following an assessment in June 2001 of the extent of the mine/UXO problem, the ICRC developed a mine/UXO awareness program in collaboration with the Macedonian Red Cross, focused on UXO as the main threat. It was judged that a community-based, carefully targeted approach aimed at those most at risk—resident and displaced populations from directly affected villages—was preferable to blanket coverage. Specialists from the ICRC teams in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo were used to train local staff and to initiate the program. Officials in all villages affected were visited to enlist their cooperation and identify people suitable for training as mine awareness instructors.[38]
The program started early in September 2001 in Aracinovo, then extended to Brnjarci and the Lipkovo region, and to other affected villages in a prioritized list. Regular sessions were conducted with villagers, complemented by leaflets and posters aimed at a range of age groups distributed with food assistance. One leaflet was aimed at young children, featuring a cartoon character based on the famous Shara dog which originates in FYROM. In this first phase, 50,000 leaflets were distributed.[39] In the following phases 35 local mine awareness instructors continued the program. It was planned to use them in support of Community Liaison Teams during clearance operations in 2002. Information gathered in the course of these activities has been shared with the MAO. [40]
In 2001, UNICEF started mine risk education in FYROM using materials from Kosovo, with the intention of adapting them in the light of experience.[41]
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported that in 2001 there were 12 mine/UXO casualties in the FYROM military (excluding the police), with no further military casualties up to June 2002. In 2001 there were seven civilian casualties and to June 2002 one casualty. The nature of the casualties (injured or killed) or other details were not reported. In addition, three foreign nationals were killed in 2001; none to June 2002.[42]
Data compiled from a limited number of media reports by Landmine Monitor shows 28 people killed and 20 injured from mines and UXO in FYROM in 2001.[43] Casualties have continued to occur in 2002. Reports of mine/UXO incidents included the following.
On 19 July 2001, a European Union Monitoring Mission vehicle was destroyed by an antitank mine on a track near Novo Selo; the three occupants (a Norwegian, a Slovak, and an Albanian interpreter) were killed.[44] On 29 July 2001, one woman was killed and her family injured when their car detonated an antitank near Jazince village.[45] On 10 August 2001, eight soldiers were killed and six injured when an army truck ran over a mine near Ljubanci, north of Skopje.[46] On 4 December 2001, one child was killed and three others injured by a mine they had found in Brnovica, near Tetovo.[47] In February 2002, one person was killed and four others seriously injured in an explosion in Bervenica commune in Tetovo.[48] On 8 May 2002, two members of the KFOR international peacekeeping forces were involved in a mine incident in the Lesnica area, northeast of Tetovo, when their vehicle, carrying a mine-clearance team, hit a mine; an Italian soldier was killed and a German soldier injured.[49]
The ICRC supplied medical and surgical supplies to hospitals in Skopje, Tetovo and Kumanova, the State University Hospital, City Hospital, the Military Hospital, and the Special Police Forces Rescue Unit for the treatment of 650 war-wounded patients, including mine/UXO casualties. The ICRC also assisted with the evacuation of the wounded to the hospitals.[50]
The Kosovo MACC reported in August 2001, “FYROM has a well-developed medical and hospital system and should be more than capable of dealing with any mine/UXO casualties. Follow on psychiatric care and counseling of victims is outside the expertise of this report but is assessed as being adequate.”[51]
| <LUXEMBOURG | MADAGASCAR> |
[1] Email response to Landmine Monitor questionnaire, Ruzica Zanteva Angelova, Counselor, Multilateral Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002. National implementation measures had previously been unclear. See Landmine Monitor Report 2001, p. 732. None of these measures are included in FYROM’s Article 7 Reports. In contrast to the information provided to Landmine Monitor, FYROM said, “[W]e have undertaken all appropriate legal, administrative and other measures to prevent and suppress any activity prohibition by the Convention.” Statement by Mrs Dragica Zafirovska, Chargé d’Affaires of the Permanent Mission of the FYROM to the Standing Committee on the General Status and Operation of the Convention, Geneva, 1 February 2002.
[2] It was represented in January by Dragica Zafirovska, Minister-Counselor, Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, and Zoran Dinokski, Ministry of Defense, and in May by Nazif Dzaferi, Second Secretary, Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, and Blagoj Tasevski, Ministry of Defense.
[3] Statement by Mrs Dragica Zafirovska, Chargé d’Affaires of the Permanent Mission of the FYROM to the Standing Committee on the General Status and Operation of the Convention, Geneva, 1 February 2002.
[4] Email response to Landmine Monitor questionnaire, Ruzica Zanteva Angelova, Counselor, Multilateral Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002.
[5] Response to Landmine Monitor questionnaire, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002. Previous responses from the Ministry indicated ratification of Amended Protocol II by the end of 2000 and by mid-2001. See Landmine Monitor Report 2001, p. 733.
[6] See Landmine Monitor Report 2000, p. 687.
[7] Statement by FYROM to the Standing Committee on the General Status and Operation of the Convention, 1 February 2002.
[8] Article 7 Report, Form B, 25 May 1999.
[9] Maj. Metodija Velickovski, Department of Engineering, General Staff, Ministry of Defense, “Anti personnel mine situation in Republic of Macedonia,” Workshop on Regionally-focused Mine Action, NATO Partnership for Peace, Athens, 18-19 October 2001. He also clarified that the first Article 7 Report misreported PMA2 mines as PMA3.
[10] Article 7 Report, Form B, 25 June 2002. The mines are 8,353 PMA-1; 4,030 PMA-2; 560 PMA-3; 29,918 PMR-2A; and 10 unidentified antipersonnel mines. The Foreign Ministry told Landmine Monitor the unidentified mines are PROM-1 mines.
[11] Article 7 Report, Form D, 25 May 1999.
[12] Response to Landmine Monitor questionnaire, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002.
[13] Maj. Velickovski, General Staff, Ministry of Defense, “Anti personnel mine situation in Republic of Macedonia,” 18-19 October 2001.
[14] Response to Landmine Monitor questionnaire by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002.
[15] “Rebels Disarmed, Macedonia Disputes NATO Presence,” Associated Press, 26 September 2001.
[16] “UNMIK MACC Update-10/08/2001,” UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), 10 August 2001.
[17] Ibid.
[18] Ibid.
[19] “Mine/UXO Awareness Programme in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,” International Committee of the Red Cross, 28 January 2002.
[20] “UNMAO Macedonia Assistance to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,” UN Mine Action Office Macedonia, 11 March 2002.
[21] Response to Landmine Monitor questionnaire by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002; see also Article 7 Report, Form E, 25 May 1999.
[22] “Kosovo: UN Mission to Set up Joint Committee with Skopje on Border Issues,” UN News Service, 19 March 2002.
[23] “UNMIK MACC Update-10/08/2001,” UNMIK, 10 August 2001.
[24] “Mine Action Assistance in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM),” undated, available at: www.mineaction.org, accessed on 3 May 2002.
[25] Statement of the FYROM to the Standing Committee on the General Status and Operation of the Convention, 1 February 2002.
[26] “Annual Report 2001,” International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance, p. 19; Article 7 Report, Form C (attachment Table 1), 25 June 2002.
[27] Interview with Stefano Calabretta, Intersos, Rome, 3 April 2002; “An INTERSOS Mine Action Unit Team Working in FYROM to Facilitate IDPs Return,” INTERSOS, 9 October 2001.
[28] “Humanitarian Situation and Issues in South Eastern Europe Jan-Feb 2002,” UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), 9 March 2002.
[29] “Humanitarian Update FYR of Macedonia March 2002,” UNOCHA, 9 March 2002.
[30] “Mine Action Office Macedonia Situation Report: 24 February 2002,” 24 February 2002.
[31] Document supplied by Ruzica Zanteva Angelova, Counselor, Multilateral Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002.
[32] Email from Eva Veble, Head of International Relations, ITF, 23 March 2002.
[33] Ibid.
[34] See the Canada country report in this Landmine Monitor edition. See also, UNMAS Mine Action Investments database, available at www.mineaction.org, accessed on 3 July 2002.
[35] Interview with Stefano Calabretta, INTERSOS, Rome, 3 April 2002; “An INTERSOS Mine Action Unit Team Working in FYROM to Facilitate IDPs Return,” INTERSOS, 9 October 2001.
[36] US Department of State, ”To Walk the Earth in Safety,” November 2001, p. 31.
[37] “Donor Pledges Push Forward Progress on Addressing Humanitarian Priorities in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,” UNOCHA, 22 July 2002.
[38] ICRC Press Release, “ICRC Launches UXO/Mine Awareness Programme,” 7 September 2001; “Things That Go Bang” (e-bulletin), UNICEF, Issue 1, 11 February 2002.
[39] ICRC, “Update 05.09.01–Crisis in FYROM” and “Update 04 Oct 2001–Crisis in FYROM,” 5 September 2001.
[40] ICRC, “Mine/UXO Awareness Programme in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,” 28 January 2002; “Mine Action Office Macedonia Situation Report: 24 February 2002,” 24 February 2002.
[41] “UNICEF Kosovo Situation Report 16 Aug-17 Sep 2001,” 17 September 2001; “UNMIK MACC Update-10/08/2001,” 10 August 2001.
[42] Email response to Landmine Monitor questionnaire, Ruzica Zanteva Angelova, Counsellor, Multilateral Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 June 2002.
[43] Data collated from 11 ICBL media reports during the year ended 31 December 2001.
[44] “UNMIK MACC Update-10/08/2001,” 10 August 2001.
[45] Ibid.
[46] “Eight Soldiers Killed, Six Injured in a Mine Blast,” Agence France-Presse, 10 August 2001.
[47] “One Child, at least Three Injured in Macedonia Mine Blast,” Agence France-Presse, 4 December 2001.
[48] Irfan Agushi, “Macedonia: Mine Menace,” Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 22 February 2002.
[49] “Macedonia–Muere un soldado de la KFOR y otro resulta herido al pisar su vehiculo una mina cerca de Tetovo,” Europa Press (news agency), 8 May 2002; “Peacekeeper Killed in Macedonia Landmine Blast,” Agence France-Presse, 9 May 2002.
[50] ICRC, ”ICRC Special Report, Mine Action 2001,” Geneva, July 2002, pp. 32-33.
[51] “UNMIK MACC Update-10/08/2001,” 10 August 2001.
