Key developments since May 2005: El Salvador joined CCW Protocol V on Explosive Remnants of War on 23 March 2006. In March 2006, El Salvador reiterated that it does not have a mine problem. Nine mines and 370 items of unexploded ordnance and other explosive devices were discovered and destroyed by the National Civilian Police in 2005. A total of 4,823 people received risk education. In 2005, there were at least four mine/ERW casualties. As of 11 May 2006, El Salvador―one of the 24 States Parties with significant numbers of mine survivors―had not submitted Form J of its annual Article 7 report nor otherwise provided updates on its victim assistance plans.
The Republic of El Salvador signed the Mine Ban Treaty on 4 December 1997, ratified on 27 January 1999, and became a State Party on 1 July 1999. With Decree 471 of 30 November 2004, El Salvador enacted the Reform of the Penal Code, adding Article 346-C to enforce the mine ban prohibitions domestically.[1]
As of July 2006, El Salvador had not submitted its annual Article 7 transparency report, due by 30 April 2006.[2]
El Salvador attended the Sixth Meeting of States Parties in Zagreb, Croatia in November-December 2005; its delegation made a statement during the General Exchange of Views and again during the discussion on victim assistance. El Salvador was also present at the June 2005 and May 2006 intersessional Standing Committee meetings in Geneva.
El Salvador has not engaged in the extensive discussions that States Parties have had on matters of interpretation and implementation related to Articles 1, 2 and 3. Thus, it has not made known its views on the issues of joint military operations with non-States Parties, foreign stockpiling and transit of antipersonnel mines, antivehicle mines with sensitive fuzes or antihandling devices, and the permissible number of mines retained for training.
El Salvador is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its Amended Protocol II on landmines. It did not attend the annual meeting of States Parties to the protocol in November 2005 and did not submit in 2005 the annual report required by Article 13 of the protocol. El Salvador joined CCW Protocol V on Explosive Remnants of War on 23 March 2006.
El Salvador has reported that it has not produced antipersonnel mines.[3] It is not known to have exported antipersonnel mines. Both the Salvadoran government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN) made extensive use of antipersonnel landmines during the 1980-1992 conflict, but there have been no reports or allegations of landmine use since the early 1990s.[4]
On 20 February 2003, El Salvador completed destruction of its stockpile of 7,549 antipersonnel mines.[5] It is retaining 96 antipersonnel mines (50 M-14 and 46 M-26 mines) for training and development at its Armed Forces Engineer Command. This number has not changed since El Salvador first reported it in April 2002.[6] El Salvador has not yet reported in any detail on the intended purposes and actual uses of its retained mines—a step agreed to by States Parties in the Nairobi Action Plan that emerged from the First Review Conference. [7]
El Salvador was contaminated by mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW), mostly unexploded ordnance (UXO),[8] as a result of the 1980-1992 conflict between government forces and FMLN guerrillas. It was estimated that at the end of the war there were 20,000 landmines in 425 minefields covering 436 square kilometers.[9] Mine clearance was conducted in 1993 and 1994 by former combatants from both sides, who were trained and supervised by a Belgian company.[10]
Since 1994, El Salvador has claimed, variously, that it is mine-free and that it is 97 percent mine-free, following completion of the National Demining Plan in 1994.[11] To clarify this point, William McDonough, Coordinator of the Organization of American States (OAS) Mine Action Program, claimed in June 2005 that the reported percentage means that all mined areas cleared “were done to a 97 percent confidence rate by 1994 demining standards.”[12] In March 2006, José Francisco Cortez González of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs re-stated that while some war-era explosive devices are still being found, El Salvador does not have a landmine problem.[13]
According to a local NGO, some mines may remain in the ground but ERW, mostly UXO, represent a greater problem, although the civilian population is at relatively low risk.[14] In 2005, nine antipersonnel mines and 370 UXO and other explosive devices were discovered in different regions of the country and destroyed by the National Civilian Police. Of the nine landmines, eight were homemade and the other was an industrial ‘mina quita pie’ (leg breaker mine).[15]
In March 2006, the Secretary-General of the National Civilian Police explained that El Salvador does not have a formal centralized database of areas that are affected by ERW and other explosive devices.[16] In 2004, he had claimed that the areas most affected by explosive devices were the departments of Chalatenango, San Vicente, Usulután, Morazán and Cuscatlán, the Guazapa Volcano area (department of San Salvador) and Cinquera region (department of Cabañas).[17]
The use of military weapons in gang warfare persists in El Salvador, creating new UXO-related problems. Gang members reportedly make or acquire grenades and other explosive devices and use them in gang-related incidents and crimes.[18] Roughly one in ten of the explosive devices and landmines found by the police in 2005 were manufactured by local gangs.[19]
Under Article 5 of the Mine Ban Treaty, El Salvador must destroy all antipersonnel mines in mined areas under its jurisdiction or control as soon as possible, but no later than 1 July 2009. At the Standing Committee meetings in February 2003, El Salvador stated, “we celebrate the news that Costa Rica has been declared mine-free, and thus joins El Salvador as a mine-free country in the Central American region. I remind you that my country was declared and certified as mine-free in 1994 by the UN, following completion of the National Demining Plan [...].”[20] However, El Salvador’s Article 7 reports of 2003 and 2004 stated that it was 97 percent mine-free.[21]
An Interagency Committee on the Ottawa Convention (Comité Nacional Intersectorial para el seguimiento de la Convención de Ottawa) was established in November 2001; the Salvadoran Institute for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled (Instituto Salvadoreño de Rehabilitación de Inválidos, ISRI) was added to the committee in 2002. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the committee is the official body charged with liaising with national and international organizations on demining and mine survivor rehabilitation.[22] It is said to meet when necessary to discuss issues related to implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty as well as to develop Article 7 transparency reports and prepare for Meetings of States Parties and intersessional meetings. In May 2006, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs indicated that the Committee plans to play a larger role highlighting and addressing the needs of landmine survivors in El Salvador in the future.[23]
The Ministry of Defense and the Division of Arms and Explosives (DAE) of the National Civilian Police are the authorized national institutions responsible for clearance of any mines and ERW.[24] The Ministry of Defense coordinates clearance operations while DAE is responsible for implementing them. DAE has two explosive ordnance disposal teams, which respond to reports from the local population. There is no defined budget specifically for demining or ERW clearance.[25]
In March 2006, the Secretary-General of the National Civilian Police provided Landmine Monitor with detailed information on the numbers of landmines and explosive devices collected and the regions where they were found, between January and December 2005. In 2005, 379 mines and explosive devices were collected and destroyed, including nine antipersonnel mines, which were said to be in a deteriorated condition. The mines and explosive devices were found in the following regions: 62 in Metropolitana region; 144 in Central region; 100 in Oriental region; 65 in Paracentral region; eight in other areas. The majority were war-era explosive devices, mostly grenades, although around 35 were explosives devices manufactured by local gangs. Seventy-five of the explosive devices were destroyed in situ and another 304 were transported to another site for destruction.[26] The National Civilian Police reports that most explosive devices were found on the ground; only a limited number of caches with a small number of items of abandoned explosive ordnance were discovered.[27]
The National Civilian Police is mandated to provide risk education programs. In 2005, 4,823 people received mine/ERW risk education at schools in areas previously impacted by conflict; this included 4,524 students, 134 teachers, 127 parents and others. The program consists of 45-minute workshops/discussions with visual demonstrations of various types of explosives and small weapons. DAE also implemented eight public ERW expositions at community festivals and events in 2005. According to the Secretary-General of the Police, there is a need to continue risk education programs in areas where ERW are being discovered.[28]
In 2005, Landmine Monitor recorded at least four mine/ERW casualties, including two killed and two injured in one landmine incident and two ERW incidents; all of the casualties were children. In 2004, there were no reports of landmine casualties in El Salvador. The last officially confirmed report of a mine casualty was in 1994.[29]
In May 2005, family members of a six-year-old boy who lost his leg in a mine explosion in the municipality of Cojutepeque (Cuscatlán department) informed the local representative of Landmine Survivors Network (LSN) of the incident.[30] Also in May, two brothers aged 14 and 16 years were killed after they hit a grenade with a hammer in Los Blancos, Morazán department. Neighbors demanded that explosive experts sweep the area to ensure it was safe from other “abandoned bombs.”[31] On 23 September, a 16-year-old boy lost both hands and his eyesight when a grenade exploded while he was cultivating a field in the municipality of Quezaltepeque, La Libertad department. LSN provided peer support and informed Landmine Monitor that a benefactor covered the hospital costs for this youth.[32]
As of May 2006, Landmine Monitor had not recorded new landmine or ERW casualties.
El Salvador has a significant number of mine survivors as a result of the armed conflict in the 1980s and early 1990s. It does not have a nationwide database. As of December 2005, the National Council for the Integrated Care of the Disabled (Consejo Nacional de Atención Integral a las Personas con Discapacidad, CONAIPD) assisted 2,874 landmine survivors, including 165 women, through the Protection Fund of the Disabled and Wounded as a Result of the Armed Conflict (Fondo de Protección de Lisiados y Discapacitados a Consecuencia del Conflicto Armado). Most survivors (56 percent) are aged between 31 and 40 years.[33]
At the First Review Conference in Nairobi in November-December 2004, El Salvador was identified as one of 24 State Parties with significant numbers of mine survivors and with “the greatest responsibility to act, but also the greatest needs and expectations for assistance” in providing adequate assistance for the care, rehabilitation and reintegration of survivors.[34]
El Salvador prepared and presented its 2005-2009 objectives at the Sixth Meeting of States Parties. The objectives included: improve inter-institutional coordination to update and verify casualty data before 2009; assess the health situation of 700 landmine survivors annually and conduct training sessions in emergency treatment; improve and extend the rehabilitation process, including community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programs to poor municipalities; continue to provide psychological support and economic reintegration opportunities through the Fund of Protection and CBR programs, including sports and cultural activities; develop an action plan for special education; develop a financial compensation program by 2009, micro-enterprise projects during the second half of 2006 and provide free vocational training; develop and implement a strategy to ensure compliance with the Law of Equal Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities and raise awareness.[35]
A Ministry of Foreign Affairs official said that the ongoing challenge is to create socioeconomic reintegration projects that allow war-affected people to become self-sufficient, which in turn increases individual self-esteem and reduces dependency on national and international funding. In the short to medium-term, organizations and institutions from El Salvador need the assistance of the international community to develop capacity to provide integral assistance programs.[36] At the Standing Committee meetings in June 2005, El Salvador stated that international funding could significantly increase the capacity to deliver victim assistance in the country.[37] El Salvador did not include a mine survivor in its delegation to the Standing Committee meetings in May 2006, and gave no update of its victim assistance plans.
In May 2006, LSN said that it had not been consulted about the national victim assistance plan, and did not know what other organizations were consulted. LSN stressed the importance of including landmine survivors groups in the creation, implementation and evaluation of this plan.[38]
In El Salvador, mine survivors are treated within the regular healthcare system; however, there is a lack of infrastructure and resources to adequately address the needs of people with disabilities. In rural areas, difficult accessibility and lack of health care personnel and specialized services impede emergency assistance. Emergency transport is available and in remote areas, the Salvadoran Air Force sometimes carries out emergency transport, but transfers to the nearest facility can take more than two hours.[39 ] Rehabilitation programs are coordinated by the Ministry of Health, the Fund for Protection of the Disabled and Wounded as a Result of the Armed Conflict, and the Salvadoran Institute for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled (Instituto Salvadoreño de Rehabilitación de Inválidos, ISRI). However, in rural areas access to rehabilitation services is almost non-existent and there is a lack of raw materials and components.[40] Many landmine survivors from rural areas must travel long distances to reach rehabilitation centers and some have reportedly been turned away when they arrive due to a lack of basic materials needed to repair prostheses.[41]
The National Council for the Integrated Care of the Disabled (Consejo Nacional de Atención Integral a las Personas con Discapacidad, CONAIPD) is the central government organization responsible for coordinating and reporting on victim assistance issues in El Salvador. In 2005, CONAIPD launched a CBR pilot-project initiative in 15 municipalities with extreme poverty levels.[42]
The Fund for Protection of the Disabled and Wounded as a Result of the Armed Conflict contracts private companies to provide medical and rehabilitation services to landmine survivors and other victims of war who are 60 to 100 percent disabled. Costs of the services are based on the socioeconomic situation of the patient.[43] As of February 2006, the Fund for Protection maintained a registry of 28,621 war-affected beneficiaries: 51 percent from the armed forces, 36 percent from the ex-FMLN and 13 percent were injured civilians. The Fund for Protection in collaboration with the Ministry of Education provides access to education (literacy and basic education) for beneficiaries of the program and their families; financial grants, including pensions; a loan program; and training and technical assistance for socioeconomic reintegration.[44]
The Salvadoran Institute for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled provides services in a center in San Salvador, two regional centers, and hospitals in the main urban centers and via CBR activities.[45]
The Promotion of Disabled Persons El Salvador (Asociación Promotora de la Organización de Discapacitados de El Salvador, PODES) operates with a team of 12 individuals, including seven technicians, to produce prostheses and orthoses. In 2005, PODES assisted 326 disabled people; between 30 to 40 percent of those assisted were landmine survivors. The cost of prosthetics and orthotics for PODES clients is covered either by the Fund for Protection, social insurance, funds generated through PODES fundraising, or partnerships with other social organizations in El Salvador, including the Association of War Wounded of El Salvador (Asociación de Lisiados de Guerra de El Salvador, ALGES) and LSN. PODES has a waiting list of over 200 individuals who require rehabilitation assistance, primarily the provision or repair of prosthetics. Many of the people on the waiting list do not have the financial resources to pay for rehabilitation services. In 2006, PODES received US$20,000 from Medico International and expects to produce and sell approximately 150 prostheses for the Fund for Protection. PODES operates with an approximate annual budget of $150,000.[46]
ALGES has a presence in 14 departments and represents over 6,200 war-affected individuals. ALGES operates a social enterprise program, which has developed long-term contracts with four municipalities (San Salvador, Santa Tecla, Conjutepeque and Mejicanos) to provide maintenance services for public spaces.[47] In 2005, the program continued to employ 115 persons with disabilities and is considered to be a sustainable and successful partnership with the municipalities. Between November 2004 and December 2005, ALGES implemented the Integral Attention for Disabled Peoples project to provide mental health, physical rehabilitation and skills training, funded by El Progetto Sviluppo/Liguria in Italy, in the departments of Morazán and Chalatenango.[48] In 2005, ALGES provided financial support for five persons with disabilities to obtain prostheses or orthoses through PODES, assisted 600 people to receive support from the Fund for Protection, and provided direct ad-hoc financial support, medical evaluations, 90 crutches and three wheelchairs to persons with disabilities.[49]
Psychosocial and economic reintegration support are reportedly coordinated by the Fund for Protection of the Disabled and Wounded, which runs a mental health and economic reintegration program in areas with a large number of war disabled, in cooperation with local actors, such as schools, churches, hospitals, military and disabled people’s organizations. CONAIPD, in cooperation with LSN provided psychological support training to 60 local health staff. The Ministry of Education and CONAIPD raise awareness for disability issues and are developing a plan for inclusive education.[50]
Landmine Survivors Network has eight community-based outreach workers; all are mine survivors who work with individual survivors to assess their needs, offer psychological and social support, educate their families about the effects of limb loss, facilitate access to medical rehabilitation and vocational training, and advocate for the rights of disabled people. Five are based in San Salvador, two in the department of La Libertad and one in the department of Usulután. As of 2005, 99 people were operating small businesses that received support from LSN; 22 people received direct small business support in 2005. LSN has also established social peer-support groups (apoyo entre iguales) to assist the recovery and reintegration of survivors, and developed a national services directory to link survivors to rehabilitation services.[51] As of February 2006, LSN has a waiting list of 162 people within their service delivery area and 219 living outside the LSN service area, who are waiting for LSN rehabilitation and socioeconomic services.[52]
Vocational training for people with disabilities is provided by the Salvadoran Institute of Professional Formation, CONAIPD and various NGOs.[53] However, the lack of access to basic education is one factor among many that limit effective socioeconomic reintegration initiatives.[54]
Other organizations identified as assisting landmine survivors and other people with disabilities in El Salvador include the Center for Professional Rehabilitation of the Armed Forces (Centro de Rehabilitación Profesional de la Fuerza Armada); Association of the Organization of Disabled of El Salvador (Asociación Promotora de la Organización de Discapacitados de El Salvador); Salvadoran Center for Appropriate Technology (Centro Salvadoreño de Tecnología Apropiada); Handicap International; Telethon Foundation Pro-Rehabilitation; Nuevo Mundo; Association of Physically Limited of El Salvador (Asociación de Limitados Físicos de El Salvador); the governmental Division of Special Education; Family and Community Orientation Center (Centro de Orientación Familiar y Comunitaria); US Agency for International Development; and the Ministry of Labor in Santa Ana.[55]
The Project for the Strengthening of Integral Rehabilitation through Technical Orthopedics in the Central American Region (Proyecto de Fortalecimiento de la Rehabilitación Integral a través de la Ortopedia Técnica en la Región Centroaméricana) provides a range of technical programs for training orthopedic technicians from El Salvador and the world, through the Don Bosco University in San Salvador. The prosthetics and orthotics school takes on 25 students from Latin America per year; in 2005, 70 students, mainly from Brazil and Angola, were enrolled in the distance-learning program. Since 2005, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Special Fund for the Disabled (SFD) supports the university with components and technical support and teaching staff visited the SFD regional center in Nicaragua to be introduced to polypropylene technology.[56] A university degree in physiotherapy is also available in the capital and the western region of the country.[57]
El Salvador has legislation to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. CONAIPD is responsible for developing policy on disability, and for coordinating and monitoring institutions and organizations working with disabilities. CONAIPD also offers financial support for activities by organizations of persons with disabilities, and carries out mass media campaigns on the rights of people with disabilities.[58]
It continues to be widely believed that institutions in El Salvador are not adequately addressing the needs of persons with disabilities in the country, and that discrimination, weak implementation and poor enforcement of disability laws remain a problem.[59]
In January 2006, ALGES published a statement recalling that the government has not fulfilled its commitments required under the Law for the Protection Fund of the Disabled and Wounded. ALGES maintains that most war-injured individuals have not received adequate medical attention or pensions, “we have not been reintegrated economically, nor have we be taken into account in the socioeconomic projects of the country–this is what is required to achieve the commitments of and spirit the law.” ALGES continues to function as a human rights advocate for war-affected and other disabled individuals, and in 2005, presented a reform to national decree 416 which called for improved assistance for war-affected individuals from the Protection Fund.[60]
[1] The law includes penal sanctions of five to ten years imprisonment for anyone found guilty of using, developing, producing, purchasing, stockpiling, or transferring one or more antipersonnel mines. Any individual that in any way assists with these activities can be prosecuted with a two to four year prison sentence. Diario Oficial, Vol. 365, No. 217, 22 November 2004. The text of the decree, which amends the Penal Code, is included in Article 7 Report, 29 April 2005.
[2] Previously, El Salvador submitted five reports, on 29 April 2005, 25 March 2004, 4 March 2003 (received by Landmine Monitor; not recorded by the UN), 29 April 2002 and 31 August 2001.
[3] Article 7 Report, Forms E and H, 4 March 2003.
[4] See Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 410.
[5] Article 7 Report, 25 March 2004; intervention by El Salvador, Standing Committee on Stockpile Destruction, Geneva, 15 May 2003; Article 7 Report, Forms A, D and F, 4 March 2003.
[6] Article 7 Report, Form D, 29 April 2002; Article 7 Report, 29 April 2005.
[7] See UN, “Final Report of the First Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Antipersonnel Mines and their Destruction,” Nairobi, 29 November-3 December 2004, APLC/CONF/2004/5, 9 February 2005.
[8] Under Protocol V to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, explosive remnants of war are defined as unexploded ordnance and abandoned explosive ordnance. Mines are explicitly excluded from the definition.
[9] International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), “Antipersonnel Mines in Central America: Conflict and Post-Conflict,” Geneva, January 1996, p. 13; see Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 332.
[10] See Landmine Monitor Report 2000, p. 270.
[11] Article 7 Report, para. ii 2.d, 29 April 2005; Article 7 Report, Forms F and G, 4 March 2003; see also Landmine Monitor Report 2004, pp. 412–413.
[12] Interview with William McDonough, Coordinator, Mine Action Program, OAS, in Geneva, 16 June 2005.
[13] Interview with José Francisco Cortez González, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, San Salvador, 15 March 2006. Questions regarding El Salvador’s mine-free status also arose in 2001, when a UK-based mine clearance organization, the International Demining Group, identified approximately 150 square kilometers for survey and/or demining in Chalatenango, Cabañas, Cuscatlán and Usulután, including 53 allegedly unknown or unrecorded mine and UXO locations. See Landmine Monitor Report 2005, pp. 332-333.
[14] Interviews with Jesus Martinez, Director, Landmine Survivors Network (LSN), San Salvador, 6 March 2006, and in Geneva, 10 May 2006.
[15] “Artefactos Explosivos Industriales y Artesanales Recolectados durante el Periodo Enero–Diciembre 2005,” 14 March 2006, p.5, provided to Landmine Monitor by Oscar Chávez Valiente, Secretary-General, National Civilian Police.
[16] Interview with Oscar Chávez Valiente, National Civilian Police, San Salvador, 16 March 2006.
[17] See Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 333.
[18] Interview with Jesús Martínez, LSN, Geneva, 10 May 2006.
[19] “Artefactos Explosivos Industriales y Artesanales Recolectados durante el Periodo Enero–Diciembre 2005,” 14 March 2006, p. 6.
[20] See Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 412.
[21] Statement by El Salvador, Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action Technologies, 5 February 2003; see Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 412.
[22] See Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 333.
[23] Telephone interview with José Francisco Cortez González, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 16 May 2006.
[24] See Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 333.
[25] Interview with Oscar Chávez Valiente, National Civilian Police, San Salvador, 16 March 2006.
[26] “Artefactos Explosivos Industriales y Artesanales Recolectados durante el Periodo Enero–Diciembre 2005,” 14 March 2006, pp. 5,6.
[27] Interview with Oscar Chávez Valiente, National Civilian Police, San Salvador, 16 March 2006.
[28] Ibid.
[29] See Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 334.
[30] Email from Jesús Martínez, LSN, 16 September 2005.
[31] Yanci Pérez and Francisco Torres, “Dos niños perecen al manipular granada,” El Diario de Hoy, 13 May 2005.
[32] Email from Jesús Martínez, LSN, 26 October 2005.
[33] Presentation by El Salvador, Sixth Meeting of States Parties, Zagreb, Croatia, 28 November-2 December 2005; interview with Mario Castro, Minister Councilor, Permanent Mission of El Salvador to the UN, Geneva, 11 May 2006; presentation by Cecilia Edith Jiménez, CONAIPD, Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic Reintegration, Geneva, 16 June 2005; see Landmine Monitor Report 2004, pp. 414-415.
[34] UN, “Final Report of the First Review Conference,” Nairobi, 29 November-3 December 2004, APLC/CONF/2004/5, 9 February 2005, p. 33.
[35] “Final Report of the Sixth Meeting of States Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, “Victim assistance objectives of the States Parties that have the responsibility for significant numbers of landmine survivors,” Zagreb, 28 November-2 December 2005, pp. pp.148-156
[36] Interview with José Francisco Cortez González, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, San Salvador, 17 March 2006; see Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 334.
[37] Presentation by Cecilia Edith Jiménez, CONAIPD, Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic Reintegration, Geneva, 16 June 2005.
[38] Interview with Jesús Martínez, LSN, San Salvador, 16 March 2006; email from Kirsten Young, Director of Advocacy and Rights, LSN, 12 June 2006.
[39 ] “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November-2 December 2005, pp. 149-150.
[40] See Landmine Monitor 2005, p. 335; “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II – Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November–2 December 2005, p. 150.
[41] Email from Jesús Martínez, LSN, San Salvador, 7 June 2005.
[42] Presentation by Cecilia Edith Jiménez, CONAIPD, Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic Reintegration, Geneva, 16 June 2005.
[43] “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November–2 December 2005, p. 151.
[44] Interview with Jesús Martínez, LSN, San Salvador, 16 March 2006.
[45] “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November–2 December 2005, 151; interview with Maria Olga Serrano and Israel Antonio Quintanilla, Executive Secretary and President, ALGES, San Salvador, 17 March 2006.
[46] Interview with José Leonidas, Executive Director, PODES, San Salvador, 17 March 2006.
[47] See Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 335.
[48] ALGES, “Al Tope,” No. 23, Year 6, December 2005.
[49] Interview with Maria Olga Serrano and Israel Antonio Quintanilla, Executive Secretary and President, ALGES, San Salvador, 17 March 2006.
[50] “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November-2 December 2005, pp. 152.
[51] Email from Nicole Dial, LSN, 1 September 2005; response to Landmine Monitor Questionnaire by Jesús Martínez, LSN, 7 June 2005; email from Kirsten Young, LSN, 12 June 2006.
[52] Interview with Jesús Martínez, LSN, Salvador, 16 March 2006.
[53] “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November–2 December 2005, pp. 153.
[54] See Landmine Monitor Report 2005, p. 336.
[55] Presentation by Cecilia Edith Jiménez, CONAIPD, Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic Reintegration, Geneva, 16 June 2005; see Landmine Monitor Report 2004, pp. 415-417.
[56] ICRC, “Special Fund for the Disabled Annual Report 2005,” Geneva, 10 March 2006, p. 24.
[57] “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November–2 December 2005, p. 152.
[58] “Final Report of the Meeting of State Parties / Zagreb Progress Report,” Part II, Annex V, Zagreb, 28 November–2 December 2005, p. 152.
[59] Interview with Jesús Martínez, LSN, San Salvador, 16 March 2006; interview with Maria Olga Serrano and Israel Antonio Quintanilla, ALGES, San Salvador, 17 March 2006; see Landmine Monitor Report 2004, p. 418.
[60] Interview with Maria Olga Serrano and Israel Antonio Quintanilla, ALGES, San Salvador, 17 March 2006.